Kazakhstan’s GDP per capita reaches $15,006 in 2025

Kazakhstan’s real GDP expanded by 28.9% in 2019–2025, while GDP per capita climbed 52.9% to $15,006. The country’s average annual growth rate reached 3.7% across the seven years, keeping the expansion positive despite the 2020 pandemic and subsequent changes in the external economic environment. For retailers, that headline sits above a much broader shift in production, services and investment.

What drove production?

The real sector was a main source of growth, and production data show where the impulse came from:

• Goods production increased 38.8%.
• Construction reached 2.4 times its starting volume.
• Manufacturing gained 41.8%.
• Agriculture advanced 25.6%.
• Mining added 14.9%.

Those gains matter beyond the national accounts. More domestic production expands the pool of goods retailers can source, while construction and manufacturing activity creates demand for materials, equipment and services. Mining’s advance also kept upstream supply moving, giving the expansion more than one production channel.

The service sector expanded 22.1%, but retail-relevant lines moved faster. Trade increased 44.1%, transport services 38.4% and communications 56.4%. For operators, the mix points to stronger business activity, expanding infrastructure and a wider domestic market. Trade’s gain ran at nearly twice the service-sector rate, making retail execution—not macro demand alone—the next test.

How much capital came in?

Investment in fixed capital increased 65.9%, reaching 23.5tn tenge over the seven years. Gross inflows of direct foreign investment amounted to $155.7bn. The investment cycle coincided with expanded production capacity and export potential at enterprises, linking capital deployment with output and the ability to serve external markets.

Non-resource exports reached 1.8 times their starting level, from $15.8bn to $28.8bn. Support for manufacturing enterprises and expanded access for domestic goods to priority foreign markets helped drive the gain. Trading businesses now draw on a deeper domestic supplier base, while more manufacturing capacity connects to cross-border demand. Oil production did not shrink as that channel expanded.

Did oil output still grow?

Yes. Kazakhstan produced 99.6m tonnes of oil in 2025, 9.2m tonnes more than seven years earlier. The broader export story therefore combines a 1.8-times rise in non-resource exports with higher crude output.

The oil and gas sector expanded alongside the non-resource segment. The seven-year picture therefore combines two export engines rather than presenting non-resource growth as a substitute for commodity production.

What did productivity show?

Countrywide labour productivity increased 21.7%. Construction led the sector performance, with productivity reaching 2.3 times its starting level. Agriculture added 66.3%, manufacturing 32% and trade 28.9%. For retailers, the trade reading offers a direct benchmark for output per worker and for the efficiency gains expected as volumes expand.

Retailers should read the sequence as a market with more goods, more movement and more infrastructure around it. Goods production grew 38.8%, trade 44.1%, transport services 38.4% and communications 56.4%. That combination can widen assortment and improve commercial connectivity, although the figures do not show how gains split across formats, regions or individual companies.

What should operators watch next?

The 2019–2025 expansion rests on several engines at once: production, construction, manufacturing, trade, transport, investment and non-resource exports. Productivity improved alongside those volumes, and average annual GDP growth remained positive at 3.7% through the pandemic and later external changes.

The practical task for retail is to turn that supply, infrastructure and investment base into resilient demand without depending on a single sector. For importers and distributors, the watchpoints are whether trade keeps outpacing the wider service economy, whether fixed investment converts into productive capacity, and whether productivity gains remain visible inside retail chains.